Even with the unusually cold weather we’ve been having, it’s clear that things are getting warmer as the sun angle increases! The sun angle is much stronger at 32.8° compared to less then 24° only a few weeks back in December. It was noticable and helped melt away much of snow we got last night, along with the warmer temperatures. Dusk isn’t until 5:48 PM which on a clear day means much more light in the evening. Spring is coming!
Boards of Cooperative Education Services (BOCES)
| Boards of Cooperative Education Services (BOCES) | |
| BOCES | Districts |
|---|---|
| Broome-Delaware-Tioga | Binghamton City, Chenango Forks, Chenango Valley, Deposit, Harpursville, Johnson City, Maine-Endwell, Newark Valley, Owego-Apalachin, Susquehanna Valley, Tioga, Union-Endicott, Vestal, Whitney Point, Windsor |
| Capital Region | Albany City, Berne-Knox-Westerlo, Bethlehem, Burnt Hills-Ballston Lake, Cobleskill-Richmondville, Cohoes City, Duanesburg, Green Island, Guilderland, Menands, Middleburgh, Niskayuna, North Colonie, Ravena-Coeymans-Selkirk, Rotterdam-Mohonasen, Schalmont, Schenectady City, Schoharie, Scotia-Glenville, Sharon Springs, Shenendehowa, South Colonie, Voorheesville, Watervliet City |
| Cattar-Allegany-Erie-Wyoming | Allegany-Limestone, Andover, Belfast, Bolivar-Richburg, Cattaraugus-Little Valley, Cuba-Rushford, Ellicottville, Fillmore, Franklinville, Friendship, Genesee Valley, Hinsdale, Olean City, Portville, Randolph, Salamanca City, Scio, Wellsville, West Valley, Whitesville, Yorkshire-Pioneer |
| Cayuga-Onondaga | Auburn City, Cato-Meridian, Jordan-Elbridge, Moravia, Port Byron, Skaneateles, Southern Cayuga, Union Springs, Weedsport |
| Clinton-Essex-Warren-Washing | Ausable Valley, Beekmantown, Boquet Valley, Chazy, Crown Point, Keene, Moriah, Northeastern Clinton, Northern Adirondack, Peru, Plattsburgh City, Putnam, Saranac, Schroon Lake, Ticonderoga, Willsboro |
| Delaw-Chenango-Madison-Otsego | Afton, Bainbridge-Guilford, Delaware Academy Csd At, Downsville, Franklin, Georgetown-South Otselic, Gilbertsville-Mount Upton, Greene, Hancock, Norwich City, Otego-Unadilla, Oxford Academy &, Sherburne-Earlville, Sidney, Unadilla Valley, Walton |
| Dutchess | Arlington, Beacon City, Dover, Hyde Park, Millbrook, Northeast, Pawling, Pine Plains, Poughkeepsie City, Red Hook, Rhinebeck, Spackenkill, Wappingers |
| Eastern Suffolk | Amagansett, Bay Shore, Bayport-Blue Point, Brentwood, Bridgehampton, Brookhaven-Comsewogue, Center Moriches, Central Islip, Connetquot, East Hampton, East Islip, East Moriches, East Quogue, Eastport-South Manor, Fire Island, Fishers Island, Greenport, Hampton Bays, Hauppauge, Islip, Longwood, Mattituck-Cutchogue, Middle Country, Miller Place, Montauk, Mt Sinai, New Suffolk Comn, Oysterponds, Patchogue-Medford, Port Jefferson, Quogue, Remsenburg-Speonk, Riverhead, Rocky Point, Sachem, Sag Harbor, Sagaponack Comn, Sayville, Shelter Island, Shoreham-Wading River, South Country, Southampton, Southold, Springs, Three Village, Tuckahoe Comn, Wainscott Comn, West Islip, Westhampton Beach, William Floyd |
| Erie 1 | Akron, Alden, Amherst, Buffalo City, Cheektowaga, Cheektowaga-Maryvale, Clarence, Cleveland Hill, Depew, Frontier, Grand Island, Hamburg, Hopevale Ufsd At, Kenmore-Tonawanda, Lackawanna City, Lancaster, Sweet Home, Tonawanda City, West Seneca, Williamsville |
| Erie 2-Chautauqua-Cattaraugus | Bemus Point, Brocton, Cassadaga Valley, Chautauqua Lake, Clymer, Dunkirk City, East Aurora, Eden, Evans-Brant Csd (Lake Shore), Falconer, Forestville, Fredonia, Frewsburg, Gowanda, Holland, Iroquois, Jamestown City, North Collins, Orchard Park, Panama, Pine Valley Csd (South Dayton), Ripley, Sherman, Silver Creek, Southwestern Csd At, Springville-Griffith Inst, Westfield |
| Franklin-Essex-Hamilton | Brushton-Moira, Chateaugay, Lake Placid, Long Lake, Malone, Raquette Lake, Salmon River, Saranac Lake, St Regis Falls, Tupper Lake |
| Genesee Valley | Alexander, Attica, Avon, Batavia City, Byron-Bergen, Caledonia-Mumford, Dalton-Nunda Csd (Keshequa), Dansville, Elba, Geneseo, Le Roy, Letchworth, Livonia, Mt Morris, Oakfield-Alabama, Pavilion, Pembroke, Perry, Warsaw, Wayland-Cohocton, Wyoming, York |
| Hamilton-Fulton-Montgomery | Amsterdam City, Broadalbin-Perth, Canajoharie, Edinburg Common, Fonda-Fultonville, Fort Plain, Gloversville City, Johnstown City, Lake Pleasant, Mayfield, Northville, Oppenheim-Ephratah-St. Johnsville, Piseco Comn, Wells, Wheelerville |
| Herk-Fulton-Hamilton-Otsego | Central Valley Csd At Ilion-, Dolgeville, Frankfort-Schuyler, Herkimer, Little Falls City, Mount Markham, Oppenheim-Ephratah-St. Johnsville, Poland, Richfield Springs, Van Hornesville-Owen D Young, West Canada Valley |
| Jeffer-Lewis-Hamil-Herk-Oneida | Adirondack, Alexandria, Beaver River, Belleville-Henderson, Carthage, Copenhagen, General Brown, Indian River, Inlet Comn, La Fargeville, Lowville Academy &, Lyme, Sackets Harbor, South Jefferson, South Lewis, Thousand Islands, Town Of Webb, Watertown City |
| Madison-Oneida | Camden, Canastota, Hamilton, Madison, Morrisville-Eaton, Oneida City, Rome City, Sherrill City, Stockbridge Valley |
| Monroe 1 | Brighton, East Irondequoit, East Rochester, Fairport, Honeoye Falls-Lima, Penfield, Pittsford, Rochester City, Rush-Henrietta, Webster, West Irondequoit |
| Monroe 2-Orleans | Brockport, Churchville-Chili, Gates-Chili, Greece, Hilton, Holley, Kendall, Spencerport, Wheatland-Chili |
| Nassau | Baldwin, Bellmore, Bellmore-Merrick Central School, Bethpage, Carle Place, East Meadow, East Rockaway, East Williston, Elmont, Farmingdale, Floral Park-Bellerose, Franklin Square, Freeport, Garden City, Glen Cove City, Great Neck, Hempstead, Herricks, Hewlett-Woodmere, Hicksville, Island Park, Island Trees, Jericho, Lawrence, Levittown, Locust Valley, Long Beach City, Lynbrook, Malverne, Manhasset, Massapequa, Merrick, Mineola, New Hyde Park-Garden City Park, North Bellmore, North Merrick, North Shore, Oceanside, Oyster Bay-East Norwich, Plainedge, Plainview-Old Bethpage, Port Washington, Rockville Centre, Roosevelt, Roslyn, Seaford, Sewanhaka Central School, Syosset, Uniondale, Valley Stream 13, Valley Stream 24, Valley Stream 30, Valley Stream Central School, Wantagh, West Hempstead, Westbury |
| Oneida-Herkimer-Madison | Brookfield, Clinton, Holland Patent, New Hartford, Ny Mills, Oriskany, Remsen, Sauquoit Valley, Utica City, Waterville, Westmoreland, Whitesboro |
| Onondaga-Cortland-Madison | Baldwinsville, Cazenovia, Chittenango, Cincinnatus, Cortland City, Deruyter, East Syracuse Minoa, Fabius-Pompey, Fayetteville-Manlius, Homer, Jamesville-Dewitt, Lafayette, Liverpool, Lyncourt, Marathon, Marcellus, Mcgraw, North Syracuse, Onondaga, Solvay, Syracuse City, Tully, West Genesee, Westhill |
| Orange-Ulster | Chester, Cornwall, Florida, Goshen, Greenwood Lake, Highland Falls, Kiryas Joel Village, Marlboro, Middletown City, Minisink Valley, Monroe-Woodbury, Newburgh City, Pine Bush, Port Jervis City, Tuxedo, Valley Csd (Montgomery), Warwick Valley, Washingtonville |
| Orleans-Niagara | Albion, Barker, Lewiston-Porter, Lockport City, Lyndonville, Medina, Newfane, Niagara Falls City, Niagara-Wheatfield, North Tonawanda City, Royalton-Hartland, Starpoint, Wilson |
| Oswego | Altmar-Parish-Williamstown, Central Square, Fulton City, Hannibal, Mexico, Oswego City, Phoenix, Pulaski, Sandy Creek |
| Otsego-Delaw-Schoharie-Greene | Andes, Charlotte Valley, Cherry Valley-Springfield, Cooperstown, Edmeston, Gilboa-Conesville, Hunter-Tannersville, Jefferson, Laurens, Margaretville, Milford, Morris, Oneonta City, Roxbury, Schenevus, South Kortright, Stamford, Windham-Ashland-Jewett, Worcester |
| Putnam-Northern Westchester | Bedford, Brewster, Briarcliff Manor, Carmel, Chappaqua, Croton-Harmon, Garrison, Haldane, Hendrick Hudson, Katonah-Lewisboro, Lakeland, Mahopac, North Salem, Ossining, Peekskill City, Putnam Valley, Somers, Yorktown |
| Questar Iii (R-C-G) | Averill Park, Berkshire, Berlin, Brunswick Csd (Brittonkill), Cairo-Durham, Catskill, Chatham, Coxsackie-Athens, East Greenbush, Germantown, Greenville, Hoosic Valley, Hoosick Falls, Hudson City, Kinderhook, Lansingburgh, New Lebanon, North Greenbush Comn Sd (Williams), Rensselaer City, Schodack, Taconic Hills, Troy City, Wynantskill |
| Rockland | Clarkstown, East Ramapo Csd (Spring Valley), Haverstraw-Stony Point Csd (North, Nanuet, Nyack, Pearl River, Ramapo Csd (Suffern), South Orangetown |
| Schuy-Steub-Chem-Tioga-Alleg | Addison, Alfred-Almond, Arkport, Avoca, Bath, Bradford, Campbell-Savona, Canaseraga, Canisteo-Greenwood, Corning City, Elmira City, Elmira Heights, Hammondsport, Hornell City, Horseheads, Jasper-Troupsburg, Odessa-Montour, Prattsburgh, Spencer-Van Etten, Watkins Glen, Waverly |
| St Lawrence-Lewis | Brasher Falls, Canton, Clifton-Fine, Colton-Pierrepont, Edwards-Knox, Gouverneur, Hammond, Harrisville, Hermon-Dekalb, Heuvelton, Lisbon, Madrid-Waddington, Massena, Morristown, Norwood-Norfolk, Ogdensburg City, Parishville-Hopkinton, Potsdam |
| Sullivan | Eldred, Fallsburg, Liberty, Livingston Manor, Monticello, Roscoe, Sullivan West, Tri-Valley |
| Tompkins-Seneca-Tioga | Candor, Dryden, Groton, Ithaca City, Lansing, Newfield, South Seneca, Trumansburg |
| Ulster | Ellenville, Highland, Kingston City, New Paltz, Onteora, Rondout Valley, Saugerties, Wallkill |
| Washing-Sara-War-Hamltn-Essex | Argyle, Ballston Spa, Bolton, Cambridge, Corinth, Fort Ann, Fort Edward, Galway, Glens Falls City, Glens Falls Comn, Granville, Greenwich, Hadley-Luzerne, Hartford, Hudson Falls, Indian Lake, Johnsburg, Lake George, Mechanicville City, Minerva, Newcomb, North Warren, Queensbury, Salem, Saratoga Springs City, Schuylerville, South Glens Falls, Stillwater, Warrensburg, Waterford-Halfmoon, Whitehall |
| Wayne-Finger Lakes | Canandaigua City, Clyde-Savannah, Dundee, East Bloomfield, Gananda, Geneva City, Gorham-Middlesex Csd (Marcus, Honeoye, Lyons, Manchester-Shortsville Csd (Red, Marion, Naples, Newark, North Rose-Wolcott, Palmyra-Macedon, Penn Yan, Phelps-Clifton Springs, Red Creek, Romulus, Seneca Falls, Sodus, Victor, Waterloo, Wayne, Williamson |
| Westchester | Ardsley, Blind Brook-Rye, Bronxville, Byram Hills, Dobbs Ferry, Eastchester, Edgemont, Elmsford, Greenburgh, Harrison, Hastings-On-Hudson, Irvington, Mamaroneck, Mt Pleasant, Mt Vernon School, New Rochelle City, Pelham, Pleasantville, Pocantico Hills, Port Chester-Rye, Rye City, Rye Neck, Scarsdale, Tuckahoe, Ufsd-, Valhalla, White Plains City, Yonkers City |
| Western Suffolk | Amityville, Babylon, Cold Spring Harbor, Commack, Copiague, Deer Park, Elwood, Half Hollow Hills, Harborfields, Huntington, Kings Park, Lindenhurst, North Babylon, Northport-East Northport, Smithtown, South Huntington, West Babylon, Wyandanch |
| Andy Arthur, 3/31/23 Data Source:
NYS Education Department. |
|
Non-Citizens in New York
For those who are curious, there are 2,047,527 non-citizens in New York State. Non-citizens are people who are have green cards, work or education visas, or are undocumented immigrants.
The state’s population of non-citizens is about twice 1,066,421 residents of our state who live within 14-county region of New York State that is falls under the Appalachian Regional Commission, and consists of most of the counties of the Southern Tier and few above them.
See this map of the Applachian Regional Comission counties in New York State: https://andyarthur.org/map-applachian-region-of-new-york-state.html
Divided Government
- Different parties represent different segments of the population — differences in region, population density, gender, race, occupation
- Increases compromise on legislation, ensuring a variety of viewpoints are represented in final law.
- Stops or at least modifies bad laws that would screw one segment of the population to appease another segment of population’s ideological beliefs.
- Increases constitutional protections by allowing one party to raise constitutional questions related to their ideological beliefs.
- Allows one party to investigate the other party, increasing honesty in government.
… it’s really not clear that it’s a bad thing.
Why is electric heat so expensive?
On average in 2019, it took an average of …
10,551 BTU or 3.1 kW of coal or 7,732 BTU or 2.3 kW of natural gas to produce 1 kilowatt of electricity, which is equal to 3,412 BTU.
With fossil generation, it takes quite a bit more kWh of the fossil fuel burned to turn into usable electricity. It took roughly 4.65 kWh worth of coal to make the 1.5 kWh of electricity, as it fossil fuels have significant losses due to the inefficiency in converting coal or oil into electricity.
How much does your 120 volt plug-in electric heater in your house use when it’s on? It doesn’t really matter whether it’s a $12 Walmart heater fan, or a $300 radiant heater in a fancy wood cabinet. All are same energy efficiency – when you apply resistance to electricity, 100% becomes heat, including the heat produced by the fan coils or indicator lights.
All 120-volt heaters are 1.5 kW or 5,118 BTU, because 120-volt wall outlets can only supply 12.5 amp constantly. In theory, you could make a space heater smaller then 1,500 watts but nobody does because electric coils are cheap to manufacture, and when you are warm, the thermostat just shuts off.
So every hour a heater heater is operating, it’s 1.5 kWh.
Oddly Fascinating
I find it oddly fascinating that in the split phase electricity system used in the United States, the only power that flows on the neutral wire back to the center tap of the pole transformer is the difference in amperage between the phases.
So if you have …
20 amp draw on the Phase A
30 amp draw on Phase B
You’ll have 10 amp flowing on the neutral, which is also referenced to the ground
If you disconnect the neutral from the center tap of the transformer, the 20 amp load will work okay but the 30 amp circuit will see its voltage cut by 1/3rd.
I’ve been fascinated by Francisco Franco and how he stuck around as the dictator of Spain until his death in 1975
Had Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini not decided to take an expansionist policy, invading surrounding countries, would have the global community tolerated them on grounds they were anti-communist through the 1960s and 1970s?