"History teaches that one of the two faces of nationalism almost always predominates. A society with a lot of positive nationalism is more likely to be
tolerant and open toward the rest of the world because its people have learned the habits of good citizenship and social justice. Dictators and
demagogues, on the other hand, flourish where social capital is in short supply. People who feel little responsibility toward one another will turn
against minorities in their midst and outsiders across their borders, in return for promises of glory or comforting fictions of superiority.

"Negative nationalists prey most directly on people who are losing ground economically and socially. The recent resurgence of negative nationalism in
Austria, France, and Switzerland is especially evident among blue-collar manufacturing workers and young men who feel the economic ground
shifting from under them. The ugly violence against ethnic Chinese in Indonesia during the currency crisis there was also rooted in economic fears.
People whoe livelihoods are at risk find it reassuring to be given specific targets for their frustrations."

"Among economic insecurity's first scapegoats are always immigrants, foreigners, and ethnic minorities."

"A healthy dose of positive nationalism can ease these anxieties by softening the burdens of economic change. When they feel especially connected to
their compatriots, citizens who gain from change are more willing to support strong safety nets, employment programs, and educational systems that
help ease the burden on those who otherwise would fall far behind. And the generosity of the winners in turn allows the nation as a whole to better
accept the consequences of free trade, open capital markets, and more liberal immigration. But failure to choose positive nationalism almost surely
promotes its negative twin, because the losers are left vulnerable. "