ArcGIS

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Been doing a lot of reading of some of the ERSI ArcGIS tutorials not because I’m interested in learning more about the commercial software but more seeking out more skills and terminology I can use to do neat new projects with QGIS.

study

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Plant-based meat not nutritionally the same as real meat: study

Plant-based meat alternatives may look and cook like real meat, but scientists say that the nutritional components may not be the same.

Researchers at Duke University compared 36 food samples — 18 of widely known plant-based meat alternatives to 18 grass-fed ground beef options from a ranch in Idaho. For each sample, they measured the number of metabolites, small molecules that make up the nutrients in foods.

The study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, discovered the beef contained 22 metabolites that the plant-based substitutes did not have. The plant-based meat, meanwhile, contained 31 metabolites that meat did not include. Researchers found the largest disparities were in vitamins, amino acids and types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids found in both food products among other variables.

In 2020, U.S. coal production fell to its lowest level since 1965 – Today in Energy – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

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In 2020, U.S. coal production fell to its lowest level since 1965 – Today in Energy – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

U.S. coal production totaled 535 million short tons (MMst) in 2020, a 24% decrease from the 706 MMst mined in 2019 and the lowest level of coal production in the United States in any year since 1965.

The decline of U.S. coal production in 2020 was largely the result of less demand for coal internationally and less U.S. electric power sector demand for coal. Lower natural gas prices made coal less competitive for power generation. U.S. coal-fired generation fell 20% from 2019. Natural gas prices started 2020 relatively low because mild winter weather led to less natural gas demand for space heating, and prices remained low as the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic reduced both natural gas production and consumption.

U.S. coal exports were 26% lower in 2020 than they were in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic slowed global demand for coal, and some U.S. coal mines were idled for extended periods to slow the spread of the virus among workers. Coal exports decreased significantly in April 2020 as the United States and countries around the world responded to the pandemic.

The Clean Air Act of 1970 restricted sulfur emissions from new coal-fired power plants. One way for coal plants to meet the emissions regulations was to use subbituminous coal, which has a lower sulfur content than other coal types. This change, along with the oil shortages and the resulting high oil prices of the 1970s that made coal more economical, contributed to the expansion of mining and the development of large, open-pit coal mines in the Powder River Basin (located in Northeast Wyoming and Southeast Montana), where the majority of subbituminous coal in the United States is found. One of the largest U.S. coal-producing mines by volume, Black Thunder, opened in Wyoming in 1977. Today, the Powder River Basin accounts for approximately 43% of all coal produced in the United States.

2020 was a good year for the War on Coal. Must be because Trump Digs Coal.

Panchromatic Imagery And Its Band Combination In Remote Sensing

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Panchromatic Imagery And Its Band Combination In Remote Sensing

A panchromatic band (black and white band) is one band that usually contains a couple of hundred nanometers bandwidth. The bandwidth enables it to hold a high signal-noise, making the panchromatic data available at a high spatial resolution. This images can be gathered with a higher resolution since the spectral range give the smaller detectors allowance to be utilized while sustaining the high signal-noise ratio.

This capability allows the smaller portion to be seen and still acquire strong signals. Therefore the Panchromatic usually resembles a wide band that has a lower spatial resolution (mostly a half less than the multispectral band) that the exploration of the imagery details.