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America’s Three Power Grids

America has three electrical grids that are not synchronized to each other, and can not move alternating current electricity between one and another.
 
Generally speaking, a power plant in Oklahoma can't send electricity to most of Texas or Colorado.
 
Each grid was built separately and are incompatible with each other, although a limited amount of electricity can be moved between the interconnections using AC to DC to AC conversion. But such conversion is complicated and expensive, and isn't as simple as stringing lines between the grids.

 

America\'s Three Power Grids

120/240V Single Phase 3 Wire Explanation And Demonstration

The split phase system in America is a bit confusing but actually it's kind of ingenious in the sense that no wire has more than a 120 volt potential to ground. But it turns out there is more than meets the eye - the nuetral line actually carries any current not equal between the two phases back to the transformer - and if it's disconnected only the lowest amperage of the two phases will work. Fascinating stuff.