Agriculture

how they work, maintenance, operation, and making good bales

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New Holland made many different models of square balers through the 1960's, and they all had similar components. In fact, modern square balers share many of the same general components. Using my New Holland 269 square baler as an example, I explain how the baler works, from incoming power through the PTO all the way to throwing a completed bale into the wagon, including the operation of the knotters. I also give maintenance tips and how to adjust the baler to make good bales.

Major Land Resource Regions

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Major Land Resource Regions

This map shows the various major land resource regions that dominate the landscape in New York and influence the land activities on them such as farming, grazing, timber and recreation.

Change in Plant Hardiness Zones, 2012 to 2023 in New York State

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Change in Plant Hardiness Zones, 2012 to 2023 in New York State

I did some raster math to compare the 2012 plant hardiness zones to the 2023 plant hardiness zones. Most of the state was bumped up one zone, though many of the higher elevation areas remained in the same zones.
 
Interestingly enough, the Western Catskills actually fell back one or two colder Plant Hardiness Zones with the latest maps while the most of the state advanced to a warmer plant hardiness zones. The Western Catskills had a handful of particularly cold mornings in recent years, though maybe it's also an artifact of how PRISM krigings the temperature data.

I am also not convinced the area around Chautauqua Lake jumping from 5B to 6B or the Southern part of the Tug going from 5A to 6A. It's possible, but I am thinking it's a kriging artifact.
 
The 2012 Plant Hardiness Zones were really old data, 1975-2006, even at the time they were released. The 2023 Plant Hardiness Zones are 1990-2020, which is much more up to date. This is very problematic as the late 1970s were an exceptionally cold winters in New York's history. Old Forge hit negative 52, on February 18, 1979 which throws everything off.
 
Minor edits to this map on 11/7. Basically rather then comparing them using raster math, I did the contours separately for each year and then joined them against and did the math on the vector. Rethinking it, the later method is more accurate then with raster method, at least in comparison of other maps. That said, either way the result is very similar, we are talking about splitting fractions of a degree, which make the categories slightly different. Like anything, it's a matter of how you ask the question and the methods used.