Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS):Incineration to Manage PFAS Waste Stream

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EPA Technical Brief: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS):Incineration to Manage PFAS Waste Stream

The effectiveness of incineration to destroy PFAS compounds and the tendency for formation of fluorinated or mixed halogenated organic byproducts is not well understood. Few experiments have been conducted under oxidative and temperature conditions representative of field-scale incineration. Limited studies on the thermal destructibility of fluorotelomer-based polymers found no detectable levels of perfluorooctanoic acid after 2 secondresidence time and 1,000oC (Yamada et al., 2005; Taylor et al., 2014). Emission studies, particularly for PICs, have been incomplete due to lack of necessary measurement methods suitable for the comprehensive characterization of fluorinated and mixed halogenated organic compounds.

The extent to which PFAS-containing waste material in the United States is incinerated is not fully documented or understood. PFAS compounds are not listed as hazardous wastes under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) nor as hazardous air pollutants under Clean Air Act regulations, so they are not subject to the tracking systems associated with these regulations.

Joe Biden has heated gun control exchange with Michigan worker

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Joe Biden has heated gun control exchange with Michigan worker

Former Vice President Joe Biden got into a heated exchange with a worker over gun rights during a tour of a Detroit auto plant on Tuesday.

The worker, among a group surrounding Biden in their hardhats at the Fiat Chrysler plant, accused Biden of "actively trying to end our Second Amendment right" and "take away our guns" in the exchange, which was caught on video.

"You're full of ----," Biden responded. "I support the Second Amendment." He then appeared to tell an aide who was trying to end the conversation to "shush."

Biden went on to explain that he believes there are limits to the Second Amendment. He compared it to the limits on the First Amendment right to free speech, such as the famous example of not being able to yell "fire!" in a crowded theater.

The $2.5 Trillion Reason We Can’t Rely on Batteries to Clean up the Grid

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The $2.5 Trillion Reason We Can’t Rely on Batteries to Clean up the Grid

Fluctuating solar and wind power require lots of energy storage, and lithium-ion batteries seem like the obvious choice—but they are far too expensive to play a major role.

It's a problem of magnitude -- not so much an issue of actually storing electricity. Electricity is the difference in atomic potential, it doesn't like to be stored, and while we can store it in small quantities, the amount generated to light whole cities up is a challenge.

March 11, 2020 Morning

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Good morning! What day is it? Hump Day, of course. 🐫 I should share one of those Homesteady videos of them milking the camel. Dairy farming with a camel isn’t much bigger than a cow 🐮 but they are taller and their teats are a bit different. Three weeks to April Fools Day 🤡. Trout season 🎣 is coming. My license is good but I should check my gear. ☑

Partly sunny with some haze and 35 degrees at the CDTA Bus Stop #10595. ☀ There is a northwest breeze at 9 mph. 🍃. Nicer morning than I expected. Temperatures will drop below freezing at tomorrow around 4 am. ☃️

Little tired and my eye 👀 was a bit irritated at first this morning due to scratching it last night removing my contact. Mornings still are quite dark but were picking up already quite a bit of time in the morning. It’s worth it for the extra daylight in the evening 🌇 but I haven’t had much time to enjoy it because I’ve been busy.

Today will be partly sunny 🌞, with a high of 48 degrees at 3pm. Six degrees above normal, which is similar to a typical day around March 24th. North wind 5 to 9 mph. Not as warm as the past few days but not too bad. A year ago, we had mostly sunny skies. The high last year was 43 degrees. The record high of 70 was set in 1977. 4.1 inches of snow fell back in 1941.❄

Solar noon 🌞 is at 1:06 pm with sun having an altitude of 43.9° from the due south horizon (-26.9° vs. 6/21). A six foot person will cast a 6.2 foot shadow today compared to 2.2 feet on the first day of summer. The golden hour 🏅 starts at 6:20 pm with the sun in the west (260°). 📸 The sunset is in the west (266°) starting at 6:55 pm and lasts for 2 minutes and 55 seconds with dusk around 7:25 pm, which is one minute and 11 seconds later than yesterday. 🌇 The best time to look at the stars is after 7:59 pm. At sunset, look for mostly cloudy skies ☁ and temperatures around 44 degrees. There will be a calm wind. Today will have 11 hours and 44 minutes of daytime, an increase of 2 minutes and 54 seconds over yesterday.

Tonight will be mostly cloudy 🌥, with a low of 31 degrees at 5am. Seven degrees above normal, which is similar to a typical night around March 29th. North wind around 5 mph becoming calm in the evening. In 2019, we had light snow. It got down to 27 degrees. The record low of -12 occurred back in 1948.

Today in 1993, Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States. 🚺 She was a controversial figure to say the least but she did break down gender barrier which was good. I don’t remember much about her but I do remember she was very liberal, very law and order, a gun grabber. 🔫 Or maybe that’s because I read 📖 too much of the NRA magazines.

A picture perfect weekend on tap. 😎 Saturday, mostly sunny, with a high near 47. Sunday, mostly sunny, with a high near 44. Typical average high for the weekend is 43 degrees. Sounds perfect although with Pine Bush stuff I may end up staying in town. 🌲🌲🌲 But that is fine. It’s only going to get better as spring approaches.

🌹🌻🌼Only 8 days remain until the first day of calendar spring!🌹🌻🌼 One week from Friday.

As previously noted, there are 3 weeks until April Fools Day 🤡 when the sun will be setting at 7:21 pm with dusk at 7:50 pm. On that day in 2019, we had mostly sunny and temperatures between 42 and 26 degrees. Typically, the high temperature is 52 degrees. We hit a record high of 77 back in 1986.

20 minutes later when I got home