Environment, germs and immunity are top of mind when thinking of all the risk factors that could set the stage for pneumonia in cattle. The forgotten factor is one beyond producers’ control and the reason why pneumonia will always be a problem — anatomy.
Bovine lungs are very small relative to the animal’s oxygen requirements, explains Dr. Edouard Timsit, University of Calgary Veterinary Medicine and a veterinarian with Feedlot Health Management Services at Okotoks.
The total lung capacity of an adult cow is only 2.5 times greater than that of an average man, yet its resting oxygen requirement is more than 10 times greater. A cow’s lung capacity is 12 litres, its resting oxygen requirement is 124 litres per minute and it takes 30 breaths a minute to meet this demand. Compared to a species of similar size and structure, a horse’s lung capacity is 42 litres and its resting oxygen requirement is 49 litres per minute requiring only 11 breaths per minute.
The high airflow rate coupled with weaknesses of the bovine lung structure itself leave ways for bacteria, viruses and other contaminants to penetrate deep into the lungs where they trigger infection and inflammation.
I recently received a copy of “The Parker Family Tree”, the Parker family of Cass County, Iowa Its origins and passages by Mary Rendleman Gilchrist. Congrats to Mary, this is an extremely well-researched and put-together history of the Parker family who is credited with planting the tree in the middle of the road
This 142 cfs (92 MGD, 14,511 m3/h) cooling water intake is located in Albany, NY and provides water to both heat and cool buildings owned and operated by the state of New York. The facility was required to install 0.75-mm slot size wedgewire screens with a through-screen velocity of no more than 0.5 fps (15 cm/s) to reduce both entrainment and impingement in accordance with NYS Commissioner Policy #52. Fish species offered protection by this screening system include river herring (Alewife and Blueback Herring), Atlantic Sturgeon, Shortnose Sturgeon, and tens of other anadromous, catadromous, and resident Hudson River fish species. This project is to be fabricated in 2021 and installed in 2022 and this page will be updated as the project progresses.
The big project in the Corning Preserve and how it will help protect the ecology and fishery of the river.
In 1809, a man named William Jarvis sent a flock of Spanish sheep to America and altered the landscape and the economy of Vermont. The shipment of prized merino sheep eventually turned Vermont’s subsistence farmers into wealthy ranchers, fed the new woolen mills and deforested the landscape.
46 degrees later today, is a reminder that is still middle-to-late April. Not warm, but nothing is going to preserve the snow, as the low tonight is a chilly 36 degrees but that’s still well above freezing. 51 degrees with sun but blustery tomorrow, which will attack the snow in multiple ways and get things looking like spring quickly. The weekend is looking pretty good, although I don’t think I’ll be able to get out of town this weekend.
Today. Feels like … March 19th.
A chance of rain, mainly before 3pm. Cloudy.
Breezy, with a west wind 10 to 20 mph, with gusts as high as 33 mph. Chance of precipitation is 50%. New precipitation amounts of less than a tenth of an inch possible.
and
46 degrees
,
7:43 sunset.
Tonight. Feels like … April 14th.
A slight chance of showers before midnight. Mostly cloudy.
Southwest wind 10 to 16 mph. Chance of precipitation is 20%.
and
36 degrees
,
6:04 sunrise.
Wednesday. Feels like … March 30th.
Partly sunny, then gradually becoming sunny.
Breezy, with a west wind 13 to 20 mph, with gusts as high as 31 mph.
and
51 degrees
,
7:44 sunset.
Wednesday Night. Feels like … April 4th.
Mostly clear.
West wind around 6 mph becoming calm in the evening.
and
32 degrees
,
6:02 sunrise.
Thursday. Feels like … April 11th.
A chance of showers, mainly after 2pm. Mostly cloudy.
South wind 7 to 16 mph, with gusts as high as 26 mph. Chance of precipitation is 40%. New precipitation amounts of less than a tenth of an inch possible.
and
57 degrees
,
7:45 sunset.
Thursday Night. Feels like … May 2nd.
A chance of showers before 8pm. Mostly cloudy.
Chance of precipitation is 30%. New precipitation amounts of less than a tenth of an inch possible.
