Crouse Hinds PCE-3000 E/M Traffic Light Controller Test. – YouTube.

This is a good demonstration on how traffic lights work, at least those controlled by mechanical cams. It used to be all kinds of devices were controlled by cams like these, but these cam mechanisms have become mostly replaced by integrated circuit controllers hooked up to mechanical relays or transistors.

Freezing frogs to hypothermic birds, how will wildlife survive the bitter cold?

Freezing frogs to hypothermic birds, how will wildlife survive the bitter cold?

"The record or near-record cold that’s gripped Pennsylvania since Christmas and is expected to continue well into this first week of the new year presents challenges to the wildlife of the state."

"Those wild things have evolved a range of specific survival mechanisms to get through periods just like this, as well as those times when the state receives significant snowfall."

"Pennsylvania’s mammal and bird populations entered winter in good shape. Fruits and berries were abundant across most the state from summer into mid-fall. Nut trees dropped a large crop in fall. And, weeds and wildflowers threw a strong crop of seeds in the fall."

"However, none of that precludes the need for an active response against the threats of winter."

New Yorkers continue to flee state in large numbers

Study: New Yorkers continue to flee state in large numbers

"United Van Lines, which has tracked customers' state-to-state migration patterns for 40 years, says New York had the third highest rate of residents moving to other states in 2017. The Empire State has fallen from No. 2 between 2012-2015, but has ranked in the top three outbound states for seven years in a row. The study found the majority of moves to and from New York state -- 61 percent -- were outbound last year. Only two states had higher rates of exodus: Illinois and New Jersey."

This is fairly consistent with the Census Out-Migration estimates, and what you hear on the street, so I'm sure this is true. That said, the state is not losing population, because New York City is a mecca for immigrants from other countries, and indeed the New York City Metropolitan-area is only expected to increase in population compared to the rest of the state.

This may be a really bad year for earthquakes

This may be a really bad year for earthquakes

"In a paper published in August in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, Bilham and Rebecca Bendick of the University of Montana suggest we’re in for an unusually high number of devastating earthquakes in 2018."

"Of course, there will never be a day when the Earth stands still. This restless rock is constantly in flux, thanks to the constant shuffling between 15 to 20 tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust. They grind and scrape along, largely thanks to a variety of radioactive activities in the molten mantle they skate on."

"In fact, our planet got even busier in 2014. Scientists noted those plates had doubled their activity β€” moving faster than at any point in the last 2 billion years."